Abstract

LouiseErdrichisoneofthemostprolificandimportantwritersofcontemporaryNativeAmericanliterature.In2012,hernewnovelTheRoundHousewaspublishedtotheintensiveattentionfromcriticsandgeneralreadershipalike.ThenovelwontheNationalBookAward.

TheRoundHouseiscenteredonarapecase,tellingastoryofstrivingtosurvivewhilepursuingjusticethroughthejungleofdiscriminationanddespair.ErdrichdrawsfromOjibwemyths,storytellingtechniqueandskillfullymergewithwesternmainstreamculturetoexplorethemessuchassubversiontocolonialdiscourse,thelossandreconstructionofethnicidentity.

Inthisthesis,postcolonialtheoryisappliedtoanalyzethelossandreconstructionofethnicidentityofthenativepeopleandLouiseErdrich'sstrategiestoresistwhitecolonialdiscourse.TotheNativesstrugglingbetweentwoculturesandtraditions,thelossofidentityisinevitable,yetitispossibleandnecessaryforthemtoreconstructtheirethnicidentity.

Throughthenovel,Erdrichshowshowdifferentcharactersmakeeffortstoreconstructethnicidentity,representthenationalself-esteemandsubvertthewhitehegemony.Throughanalyzingthetextandthestrategiesoftheauthor,thethesissuggeststhewaytoreconstructethnicidentity-surpasstheethnicboundary,recuperatetraditionalculture,embracehybridity,mixwithadvancedcultureofthemainstreamsocietyandmakechangesaccordinglytogainabettergroundforsurvivalandthriving.

Thethesisfirstintroducestheresearchbackground,theorganization,andthesignificanceofaninterpretationofTheRoundHousefromtheperspectiveofpostcolonialismandtheobjectofthethesis.ThenitpresentsthecriticalreviewsonLouiseErdrich'sworksfromthreeperspectives.Besides,itprovidesabriefintroductiontothedevelopmentandmainframeofpostcolonialism,amongwhichEdwardSaid'snotionof“otherness”,GayatriSpivak'snotionof“subaltern”andHomiBhabha'snotionof“hybridity”arethekeytermsemployedinthethesis.Thecentralpartofthethesisisdevotedtoanalyzingthelossandreconstructionofethnicidentityembodiedinthelivesofdifferentcharacters.Intheconclusionpart,thethesisrevealsthatforpeoplelivingbetweentwocultures,neitherretreatingtothetraditionnoryieldingtothewhitesocietyisagoodchoice.Inthemulticulturalworld,thenativepeopleshouldunitethecommunitypowertoembracehybridityandrecuperatebrillianttraditionalculture.Onlyinthisway,cantheysurviveandreconstructtheirethnicidentitysuccessfully.

Abstract

Withintheframeworkoffeminismandarchetypalcriticism,thisthesis,bytakingThePassionofNewEveasitsdiscourse,analyzesanddiscussesAngelaCarter'sapplicationofdemythologizingasafeministstrategy.Byrewritingandsubvertingthosefemalearchetypes,Carteraimstobreakthefettersandshacklesofpatriarchy,exploringthewaytowomen'sliberationaswellasthereconciliationbetweentwogenders.

Believingthathumansocietyhasbeenestablishedonpatriarchy,feministsendeavortochangewomen'ssubordinatestatusandachievegenderequality.Archetypalcriticism,asoneofthemostinfluentialbranchesinliterarycriticism,regardsmythastheoriginofliterature.

Myths,especiallytheBible,coveralltheformsandmotifsknownasarchetypesinliterature.

Asadevotedpioneerandadvocatoroffeminism,Carterrealizesthatthosefemalearchetypesareusuallystereotypedanddogmatic,whichisactuallyinventedbypatriarchyfortheoppressionandexploitationofwomen.

Basedonintensivereadingandexhaustivetextualanalysis,thisthesisillustratesCarter'sdemythologizingofthreefemalearchetypesinThePassionofNewEve,whichare“Temptress,,,”MotherGoddesses“and”Eve“respectively.Firstly,thesufferingsthatLeilahencounterinthenovelrevealthat”Temptresses“areinfactvictimsofpatriarchyinsteadoforiginsofdisloyaltyanddisasters.Whileseenbymenasobjectsoftheirsexualdesires,theyalsoriskself-objectification,whichresultsinthedeprivationofsubjectivityasindependenthumanbeings.Secondly,”Mother“inBeulahisjustanartificialmyth,汪consolatorytoolfabricatedbypatriarchy,behindtheglorificationofwhicharepatriarchalvaluesandcodes.

Thirdly,thetransformativejourneyEveexperiencedfromachauvinisttoarealwomandemonstratesthatfemininity,ratherthananinherentquality,istheresultofsocialinfluenceandpersistentimitations.

Throughthedemythologizingofthosefemalearchetypes,CarteroverthrowsthepatriarchalhegemonyaswellasUtopianmatriarchaldreams,offeringandrogynyasapotentialsolutiontothecurrentsexualconflicts.Inheropinion,therealreconciliationbetweentwogendersshouldbebasedonmutualrespectandunderstanding,whichisconfirmedbytheunionbetweenthenewEveandTristessainThePassionofNewEve.

Abstract

CipoemsareagreattreasureofChineseclassicliteraryandoccupyauniqueplaceinliteraryhistory.Translationsofcipoemsareabundant,amongwhichXuYuanchong's100TangandSongCiPoemsismorecomprehensive,foritcoversthetwodynastiesinwhichcipoemsdevelopedgreatly.Centeringontheactualizationoftheaestheticmotivations,thisthesisexaminesthetranslationofcipoemsbyXuYuanchongfromthesemioticperspective.

Semioticsisanindependentdiscipline,andwiththedevelopmentofinterdisplineiystudy,itisappliedtotranslation,butlimitedinresearch.Asholisticandeffectiveasitmightbe,semioticsisbelievedtobethemostcomprehensivesystemtoanalyzesigns,especiallyinpoetrytranslation.Thethesiswillapplythismethodologyandstudyaestheticmotivationunderlyingtranslationsofthe100cipoemsatthreelevels:phonologicalmotivation,syntacticmotivationandsemanticmotivation.

Througharoughanalysisoftiie100cipoems,semiotics'sfunctionasaneffectivemethodologyhasbeenlargelyfulfilled.Inthestudyofsemanticmotivation,semioticsistakenasapowerfulanalytictool.Andinthestudyofphonologicalmotivationandsyntacticmotivation,thesemioticrationaleandtheoreticalperspectiveisapplied.Phonologicalmotivation,syntacticmotivationandsemanticmotivationareallrealizedtoalargeextentinXuYuanchong'stranslation,sohistranslationissuccessfulintheactualizationofaestheticmotivationonthewhole.Thedegreeoftherealizationofsyntacticmotivationisthehighestamongthethreewhilethedegreeofphonologicalmotivationisthelowest.TheresearchresultshowsthatXuYuanchonghasstrictlyfollowedhistranslationtheoryof”beautyinsense,insoundandinform“inhistranslationpractice.

ABSTRACT

ThistranslationreportactsasasummaryformyC-EtranslationprojectofTrademarkLawofP.R.China,anditsemphasesisonhowtotranslateintoEnglishtheChinese”De“structureswithconditionalimplications.Thisprojectisasimulationpracticeforthepurposeofstrengtheningmytranslationability.

TheTrademarkLawofP.R.Chinacontainslotsof”De“structureswithconditionalimplicationswhichshouldbetranslatedintoconditionalclausesduetolinguisticdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.Thegreatchangeposegreatdifficultytotranslation.Thefirstdifficultyliesinthediversifiedandcomplexstructureswithintricatelogicalrelations.Thesecondstemsfrom”De,,structures'vacancyofconjunctionswhichshouldnotmissintheircorrespondingEnglishtranslationsandthechoiceoftheconjunctionisaffectedbythecomplexityofstructure.

ThisprojectadoptsVermeer'sSkoposTheorytothetranslationof6De'structureswithconditionalimplications.ThetargetreadersofthetranslationareEnglish-speakingpeopleeagertogetacquaintedwiththetrademarklawofChina,andthepurposeoftranslationistoprovidethemwithacompleteandreadableEnglishversion.Theauthoradoptsthemethodofsyntacticlinearityforthephrasalverb+'De,structures,themethodsofrestructuringanddisconnectingforsimpleclausesandcomplexclauses+6De'structures.TheconjunctioniforwhereischosenaccordingtotherulesoflegalEnglish.

Thetranslatoradoptsdifferenttranslationmethodsinthisreporthopingthatthedifficultiesoftranslating“De”structureswithconditionalimplicationscouldbesolvedandatthesametime,couldprovidesomeenlightenmentforothertranslatorsconfrontedwithsimilardifficulties.

Abstract

DorisLessingisaprolificwriter,whoseliteraturecontainsnumerousthemes,withtheGoldenNotebooklaureateherastheNobelPrizewinner,aseaofcriticsbothathomeandabroadhavebeenengagedinresearchesonthismasterpiece.Thesecommentsaremainlyconductedfromtwoperspectives,i.e.explorationonitsmultiplesthemesaswellasitssplitforms.Asfortheformer,partsofscholarsclaimedthatitisafeministnovelinwhichLessingwroteasthespeakeroffreewomen.Lessing,however,hasbeensostronglyagainstthissurficialunderstandingthatshemadeclearherintentioninwritingthisnovelinthepreface,itexpressedadisorderandsplitnatureofthattimeviarecordingtheprotagonistAnna'sexperiencesinvariousfivenotebooks.Womenachievedtheirfreedomnotbecauseoftheirtriumphsovermen,butbecauseoftheirsuccessfulmaintenanceofpowerrelationsbetweentheirmalecounterpartsandthemselves.

Inordertogivefurtherelaborationontheabovethematicunderstanding,thisthesisisgoingtoanalyzetheprotagonistAnnaviaapplyingFoucault'spowertheoryfromthreeaspects,i.e.hercollapseandrebuildofpoliticalfaith,herdesperationandreliefonmarriageandtruelove,aswellashersplitandintegrationofinnermind.Its'purposeistopointoutthetraditionalmale/femaledichotomycouldnotprovidethereasonwhynumerousso-calledfreewomenareunabletoharborfreeatall.However,inturningtoFoucault'spowertheory,wecouldputwomen'soppressionintolargersocialrealm,whatdeprivedwomen'sfreedomistheirsubjectiontodisciplinarypowerinsociety,whichworksnotsimplyfromtop-downorder,butexertsitsinfluenceoneachindividualthroughasurveillancemechanismcalled“panopticon”.Moresignificantly,Foucault'spowertheoryalsotellsuswomenbecometheproducerandcarrierofpower,whorestrictmen'slifebyresistancetowardspower;thiscouldbewellprojectedintheappearanceofAnna'ssecondhusband.Atthesametime,thefactthatwomenarethepowercarrierisdemonstratedintheirself-adaptiontopsychologicalinstability,Annaremainedmentallyilleventhoughsheturnedtopsychologistforseveraltimes.ItisonlywhenshediscoveredandacceptedthetruththatthereexistingtwoAnnainherbodythatsheachievedunityinbodyandsoul.

Inanutshell,applyingFoucault'spowertheorytoanalyzetheprotagonistAnna'sself-redemptionprocess,ontheonehand,cantracetherootcauseofAnna'sturbulentlifeas汪female,andexplainhowsheremoldedherselfbyresistingaswellaswieldingpoweronothers.Ontheotherhand,itcanunveilseveraltypicalproblemsfacingfeminism,suchasthetraditionalpatriarchysystem,women'sself-consciousness,andfeminists'viewtowardspsychology,thusleadingfeminismintoamorereasonablepatii.